Hematology
Hematology studies diseases of the blood, bone marrow, and coagulation system, from anemias to myeloproliferative neoplasms.
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) (B-ALL/T-ALL, Philadelphia chromosome, TKI, blinatumomab, CAR-T, pediatric cure rate 90%)
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) (myeloblasts, FLT3/NPM1/IDH mutations, 7+3, venetoclax+AZA, APL/ATRA)
- AL Amyloidosis (light-chain amyloidosis, plasma cell dyscrasia, organ deposition)
- Anemia (iron deficiency, B12/folate, hemolytic, aplastic)
- Antiphospholipid Syndrome (aPL antibodies, thrombosis, recurrent miscarriage, anticoagulation)
- Aplastic Anemia (bone marrow failure, pancytopenia, HSCT, immunosuppression)
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) (B-cell malignancy, IGHV mutation, ibrutinib, venetoclax)
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) (Philadelphia chromosome, BCR-ABL1, imatinib/dasatinib/nilotinib, treatment-free remission)
- Cold Agglutinin Disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia, cold-reactive IgM, complement activation)
- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT, Virchow's triad, anticoagulation)
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC, ISTH scoring, consumptive coagulopathy)
- Essential Thrombocythemia (high platelets, JAK2/CALR/MPL, thrombosis risk, cytoreduction)
- Factor V Leiden (inherited thrombophilia, APC resistance, VTE risk)
- G6PD Deficiency (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, hemolytic anemia, oxidative triggers)
- Hairy Cell Leukemia (B-cell leukemia, BRAF V600E, cladribine, splenomegaly)
- Hemochromatosis (iron overload, HFE mutations, phlebotomy)
- Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, AKI, Shiga toxin)
- Hemophilia (factor VIII/IX deficiency, emicizumab, gene therapy)
- Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) (PF4-heparin antibodies, paradoxical thrombosis, argatroban)
- Hereditary Spherocytosis (red cell membrane defect, anemia, splenomegaly, splenectomy)
- Hodgkin Lymphoma (Reed-Sternberg cells, ABVD, brentuximab, PET-adapted therapy)
- Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (persistent eosinophilia, organ damage, imatinib, mepolizumab)
- Iron-Deficiency Anemia (most common anemia, ferritin, microcytosis, oral iron)
- Leukopenia (low WBC, neutropenia, G-CSF, febrile neutropenia)
- Lymphedema (lymphatic obstruction, chronic swelling, compression therapy, lymphaticovenous anastomosis)
- Mastocytosis (mast cell accumulation, KIT D816V, tryptase, anaphylaxis risk)
- Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) (ineffective hematopoiesis, dysplastic cells, AML transformation risk)
- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (B/T-cell lymphomas, DLBCL, follicular, R-CHOP, CAR-T)
- Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) (GPI-anchor deficiency, complement-mediated hemolysis, eculizumab)
- Pernicious Anemia (autoimmune gastritis, B12 malabsorption, intrinsic factor)
- Polycythemia Vera (JAK2 V617F, myeloproliferative neoplasm, ruxolitinib)
- Primary Myelofibrosis (bone marrow fibrosis, JAK2/CALR/MPL, ruxolitinib, HSCT)
- Sickle Cell Disease (HbS, vaso-occlusive crises, hydroxyurea)
- Thalassemia (alpha and beta, transfusion-dependent, iron chelation)
- Thrombocytopenia (ITP, HIT, TTP, platelet transfusion thresholds)
- Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) (ADAMTS13 deficiency, microangiopathy, plasma exchange)
- Von Willebrand Disease (VWF subtypes, DDAVP, VWF replacement)
- Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia (IgM-secreting lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, hyperviscosity, ibrutinib)