Dermatology

Dermatology addresses conditions affecting the skin, hair, and nails.

• Acne — comedonal, inflammatory, cystic, isotretinoin
• Actinic Keratosis — precancerous lesion, UV damage, field cancerization, 5-FU, PDT
• Alopecia — alopecia areata, androgenetic, JAK inhibitors, minoxidil
• Athlete's Foot (Tinea Pedis) — dermatophyte foot infection, interdigital/moccasin patterns, topical antifungals, cellulitis risk in diabetes
• Basal Cell Carcinoma — most common skin cancer, Mohs surgery, hedgehog pathway
• Bullous Pemphigoid — autoimmune blistering, BP180/BP230 antigens, elderly, steroids
• Calciphylaxis — vascular calcification, CKD association, painful skin necrosis
• Cellulitis — bacterial skin infection, Group A Strep/Staph aureus, MRSA, lymphedema risk
• Contact Dermatitis — irritant vs. allergic, nickel, urushiol, patch testing
• Dermatitis Herpetiformis — celiac-linked, IgA deposits, gluten-free diet
• DRESS Syndrome — drug reaction, eosinophilia, systemic symptoms, life-threatening
• Eczema — atopic dermatitis, barrier dysfunction, biologics
• Epidermolysis Bullosa — genetic blistering, fragile skin, wound care, gene therapy
• Erysipelas — superficial cellulitis, Group A Strep, well-demarcated erythema, penicillin
• Folliculitis — hair follicle infection, Staph/Malassezia/Pseudomonas, razor bumps, MRSA
• Erythema Nodosum — tender nodules, anterior shins, reactive panniculitis, systemic causes
• Fungal Infections — dermatophytes, candidiasis, antifungal therapy
• Hidradenitis Suppurativa — follicular occlusion, Hurley staging, adalimumab, biologic therapy
• Impetigo — Staph/Strep, honey-crust lesions, mupirocin, contagious
• Keratosis Pilaris — chicken skin, follicular plugging, filaggrin deficiency, keratolytics, retinoids
• Lichen Planus — purple polygonal papules, 6 P's, Wickham striae, oral involvement
• Lichen Sclerosus — white atrophic plaques, anogenital, SCC risk, potent topical steroids
• Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis — drug-induced or idiopathic blistering, IgA deposits, dapsone
• Livedoid Vasculopathy — painful ulcers, fibrin thrombi, lower legs, anticoagulation
• Melanoma — ABCDE rule, BRAF mutation, immunotherapy, staging, sun protection
• Melasma — symmetric facial hyperpigmentation, sun/hormone-driven, tranexamic acid, iron-oxide sunscreen
• Morphea — localized scleroderma, skin sclerosis, methotrexate, phototherapy
• Mycosis Fungoides — cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, patch-plaque-tumor stages, skin-directed therapy
• Pemphigoid Gestationis — pregnancy blistering, autoimmune, BP180 antibodies, corticosteroids
• Pemphigus Vulgaris — mucosal blistering, desmoglein antibodies, rituximab, high mortality if untreated
• Perioral Dermatitis — steroid-induced perioral papulopustules, vermilion sparing, metronidazole, doxycycline
• Pityriasis Rosea — herald patch, Christmas tree pattern, HHV-6/7, self-limiting
• Porphyria Cutanea Tarda — skin fragility, blistering, iron overload, phlebotomy, hydroxychloroquine
• Psoriasis — plaque, guttate, biologic therapy, phototherapy
• Pyoderma Gangrenosum — ulcerating, pathergy, IBD association, ciclosporin, biologics
• Ringworm (Tinea) — dermatophyte fungal infection (not a worm), tinea corporis/cruris/capitis, topical and oral antifungals
• Rosacea — erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous
• Scabies — Sarcoptes scabiei mite, permethrin, ivermectin, household decontamination
• Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis) — autoimmune fibrosis, Raynaud's, limited vs diffuse, ILD, renal crisis
• Seborrheic Dermatitis — Malassezia yeast, dandruff, cradle cap, ketoconazole
• Skin Cancer — basal cell, squamous cell, melanoma, ABCDE rule, Mohs surgery
• Skin Tags (Acrochordons) — benign harmless growths, friction + insulin-resistance link, professional removal
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma — second most common skin cancer, Mohs, cemiplimab, UV damage
• Stevens-Johnson Syndrome — drug reaction, mucocutaneous necrosis, ICU, life-threatening
• Tinea Versicolor (Pityriasis Versicolor) — Malassezia yeast, hypo/hyperpigmented patches, selenium sulfide, azole antifungals
• Urticaria (Hives) — acute vs. chronic spontaneous, omalizumab, antihistamine stepwise therapy
• Vitiligo — melanocyte destruction, autoimmune, JAK inhibitors, phototherapy
• Warts — HPV types, common/plantar/flat/genital, salicylic acid, cryotherapy, immunotherapy

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